Kuti tichite bwino pakupanga ndi kupanga zinthu zapulasitiki, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ndi kagwiritsidwe ka pulasitiki.
Pulasitiki ndi mtundu wa ma molekyulu (ma macrolecule) omwe amapakidwa polimu ndi kuwonjezera kwa ma polymerization kapena polycondensation reaction ndi monomer ngati zopangira. Pali mitundu yambiri yamapulasitiki okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma ndizosavuta kukhala opepuka, olemera kupanga, osavuta kupeza zopangira komanso zotsika mtengo, makamaka kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, kutchinjiriza ndi kuteteza kutentha, kusokoneza katundu kuli ponseponse ntchito m'makampani ndi moyo wamunthu.
Makhalidwe a Mapulasitiki:
(1) The zigawo zikuluzikulu za zipangizo pulasitiki yaiwisi masanjidwe masanjidwe wotchedwa utomoni.
(2) Pulasitiki imakhala ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino kwamagetsi, kutentha ndi mawu: kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi, kukana kwa arc, kuteteza kutentha, kutchinjiriza kwa mawu, mayamwidwe amawu, mayamwidwe amanjenje, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri ochepetsa phokoso.
(3), kuyendetsa bwino, kudzera mu jekeseni wa jekeseni, itha kupangidwa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, kukula kolimba ndi mtundu wabwino munthawi yochepa.
(4) Zopangira za pulasitiki: ndi mtundu wa zinthu zokhala ndi utomoni wopangira polima (polima) monga chinthu chachikulu, cholowerera muzinthu zingapo zothandizira kapena zowonjezera zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhala ndi pulasitiki komanso madzi pang'ono pansi pa kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa, komwe kungakhale kuumbidwa mwanjira inayake ndikusunga mawonekedwe osasinthika pamikhalidwe ina ..
Gulu la mapulasitiki
Malinga ndi mamangidwe a utomoni wopangira, zopangira pulasitiki makamaka zimaphatikizapo ma thermoplastic ndi ma thermosetting plastiki: kwa ma thermoplastic plastiki, zinthu zapulasitiki zomwe zidakali pulasitiki mutatenthedwa mobwerezabwereza makamaka PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA ndi zinthu zina wamba zopangira. Thermosetting pulasitiki makamaka amatanthauza pulasitiki wopangidwa ndi Kutentha ndi kuumitsa utomoni wopanga, monga pulasitiki wina wa phenolic ndi pulasitiki ya amino. Polima limapangidwa ndi mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono komanso osavuta (monomer) ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana.
1. Gulu molingana ndi mawonekedwe a utomoni panthawi yotentha ndi kuzizira
(1) Thermoset mapulasitiki: ikatha kutentha, kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu adzaphatikizidwa kukhala mawonekedwe amanetiweki. Ikaphatikizidwa kukhala polima ya netiweki,
sichingafewe ngakhale mutayambiranso, kuwonetsa chomwe chimatchedwa [kusintha kosasinthika], komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mamolekyulu (kusintha kwamankhwala).
(2), thermoplastics: amatanthauza pulasitiki yomwe idzasungunuka ikangotenthetsera, kuthamangira ku nkhungu kozizira ndi kupanga, kenako kusungunuka ndikutentha. Itha kutenthedwa ndi kuzirala kuti ipange [kusintha kosinthika] (madzi ← → olimba), komwe kumatchedwa kusintha kwakuthupi.
A. Pulasitiki Yonse: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. Mapulasitiki ambiri aumisiri: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri: PPS. LCP
Malinga ndi momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito, pali mapulasitiki ambiri monga PE / PP / PVC / PS ndi mapulasitiki amisiri monga ABS / POM / PC / PA. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma pulasitiki ena apadera, monga kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana chinyezi, kukana dzimbiri ndi ma pulasitiki ena osinthidwa pazinthu zapadera.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki
(1) pulasitiki General ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zake ndizazikulu, zimawerengera pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a pulasitiki onse, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku osapanikizika pang'ono, monga chipolopolo cha TV, chipolopolo cha telefoni, beseni la pulasitiki, mbiya yapulasitiki, ndi zina zambiri.Ili ndi ubale wapamtima kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo lakhala chipilala chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani apulasitiki. Mapulasitiki wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PE, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, ndi zina zambiri.
(2) Mapulasitiki amisiri Ngakhale mitengo yamapulasitiki onse ndiyotsika, mawonekedwe ake, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukana dzimbiri ndizovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa za zomangamanga ndi zida zina. Chifukwa chake, mapulasitiki amisiri adayamba. Ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yolimba komanso yolimba, imatha kusintha zinthu zina zachitsulo kapena zosakhala zachitsulo, ndipo imatha kupanga zida zamakina kapena zida zamainjiniya zokhala ndi zovuta, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kuposa zoyambirira Mapulasitiki wamba ndi PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM ndi PC.
(3) Zipangizo zapulasitiki zapadera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwapadera, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zina zapadera, monga maginito opangira mapulasitiki, mapuloteni a ionomer, mapulasitiki aparelecent, mapulasitiki owoneka bwino, mapulasitiki azachipatala, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito 10 mitundu resins pulasitiki:
1. Mapulasitiki ambiri
(1) .PP (polypropylene): kuyaka kuli ndi fungo la mafuta, mtundu wakutsogolo kwa lawi ndi wabuluu; madzi oyandama.
Homopolymer PP: translucent, yoyaka, kujambula kwama waya, zida zamagetsi, bolodi, zopangidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Copolymerized PP: mtundu wachilengedwe, woyaka, zida zamagetsi, zida zapanyumba, zotengera.
Kupopera kopopera mwachisawawa PP: zowonekera bwino, zoyaka, zida zamankhwala, zotengera chakudya, zopangira
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): kunyezimira kwambiri, utsi woyaka, kununkhira kwakoma; kumizidwa m'madzi
Zida zopangira ABS: kulimba kwakukulu ndi mphamvu, zoyaka; chipolopolo chamagetsi, mbale, zida, zida
Kusinthidwa kwa ABS: kukulitsa kukhazikika ndi kuyimitsa lawi, kosayaka; mbali zamagalimoto, zamagetsi
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): kununkhiza kwa klorini woyaka, wobiriwira pansi pamoto; kumizidwa m'madzi
Okhwima PVC: mphamvu mkulu ndi kuuma, lawi wamtundu uliwonse; zomangira, mapaipi
PVC Yofewa: yosinthika komanso yosavuta kukonza, yovuta kuwotcha; zoseweretsa, zaluso, zodzikongoletsera
2. Mapulasitiki amisiri
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): lawi wachikaso, utsi wakuda, kulawa kwapadera, madzi omizidwa; okhwima, kuwonekera kwakukulu, wowotcha lawi; mafoni digito, CD, anatsogolera, zosowa tsiku
(2) .PC / ABS (aloyi): kununkhira kwapadera, utsi wakuda wachikaso, madzi omizidwa; kukhwima kolimba, yoyera, yotulutsa lawi; zipangizo zamagetsi, chida chamagetsi, zida zoyankhulirana
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): chilengedwe chochedwa, utsi wachikaso, kununkhiza kwa tsitsi; kulimba, mphamvu yayitali, lawi lamoto lamoto; zida, zida zamakina, zida zamagetsi
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): nsonga yoyaka yachikaso, kumapeto kwenikweni kwa buluu, fungo la formaldehyde; kulimba, mphamvu yayikulu, yoyaka; zida, makina
(5) .PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); kukoma kwapadera kwapadera: kupititsa kuwala kwakukulu; plexiglass, ntchito zamanja, zokongoletsera, kulongedza, kutsatira mafilimu
3. Pulasitiki ya Elastomer
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): kukoma kwapadera; kutanuka bwino, kulimba ndi kuvala kukana, kuyaka; mbali zamakina, zamagetsi
(2) .TPE: kununkhira kwapadera, lawi lachikaso; SEBS kusinthidwa, thupi kuuma chosinthika, wabwino mankhwala katundu, flammable; zoseweretsa, chogwirira chachiwiri cha jakisoni, zikwama zam'manja, zingwe, zida zamagalimoto, zida zamasewera.
Pali mitundu inayi yaukadaulo wapulasitiki: akamaumba jekeseni, akamaumba extrusion, akamaumba ndi kuwumba. Jekeseni akamaumba ndi njira chachikulu kupeza kapangidwe zovuta ndi mwatsatanetsatane kukula mbali pulasitiki. Kupanga jekeseni kumafunikira kudalira zinthu zitatu za jekeseni, makina opangira jekeseni ndi zida zapulasitiki kuti amalize dongosololi.Mestech imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga jekeseni la pulasitiki ndi ziwalo za pulasitiki zomwe zimapangidwa kwa zaka zopitilira 10, ndipo yatenga ukadaulo wolemera komanso luso. Tadzipereka kukupatsirani zida zopanga nkhungu komanso zida za pulasitiki, chonde titumizireni.
Post nthawi: Oct-16-2020